New Hollywood is one of the most important artistic movements in modern history. It placed directors, those in charge of movie productions on-set, in an unprecedented position of creative control. For the first time in Hollywood history, directors were given blank checks and full artistic freedom, in a way that not even John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock and Orson Welles had been afforded on their own productions. This change transformed American filmmaking into a high art form, and the most essential directors of the New Hollywood movement into artists, treated with the same reverence as painters or poets.